Suchergebnisse

"Soziale Dienstleistungen sind in Deutschland nicht nur expandiert, unter der Leitidee 'Niedrigschwelligkeit' wurde auch ein neuer Entwicklungspfad etabliert, jenseits der Dichotomie ambulant, stationär. Niedrigschwellige soziale Dienstleistungen arbeiten aufsuchend, alltagsnah, im Lebensumfeld und setzen auf Akzeptanz, um Personen zu erreichen, die keinen Zugang zu Standardangeboten sozialer Dienstleistungen haben. 'Niedrigschwelligkeit' reduziert die Abhängigkeit der Inanspruchnahme einer sozialen Dienstleistung von Veränderungsnutzen und Erfolgsaussichten, sie senkt die Kosten der Inanspruchnahme. In der Arbeitsförderung gibt es Projekte, die Akzeptanz als pädagogisches Prinzip einsetzen und eine 'humanistische' Veränderungsperspektive favorisieren. Beschreibungen und Analysen sozialer Dienstleistungen müssen damit umgehen, dass das begriffliche Verständnis sozialer Dienstleistungen in Deutschland additiv und dabei unterschiedlich ist. Es könnte ersetzt werden durch ein 'enges', funktionales Verständnis, das auf Veränderungsleistungen abstellt, und die Einführung des Sammelbegriffs Humandienstleistungen." (Autorenreferat)

This paper shows that higher levels of perceived wage inequality are associated with a weaker (stronger) belief into meritocratic (non-meritocratic) principles as being important in determining individual wages. This finding is robust to the use of an instrumental-variable estimation strategy which takes the potential issue of reverse causality into account, and it is further corroborated using various complementary measures of individuals' perception of the chances and risks associated with an unequal distribution of economic resources, such as their perception of the chances of upward mobility. I finally show that those individuals perceiving a high level of wage inequality also tend to be more supportive of redistributive policies and progressive taxation, and that they tend to favor the political left, suggesting a feedback effect of inequality perceptions into the political-economic sphere. Taken together, these findings suggest that high levels of perceived wage inequality have the potential to undermine the legitimacy of market outcomes.

This paper shows that higher levels of perceived wage inequality are associated with a weaker (stronger) belief into meritocratic (non-meritocratic) principles as being important in determining individual wages. This finding is robust to the use of an instrumental-variable estimation strategy which takes the potential issue of reverse causality into account, and it is further corroborated using various complementary measures of individuals' perception of the chances and risks associated with an unequal distribution of economic resources, such as their perception of the chances of upward mobility. I finally show that those individuals perceiving a high level of wage inequality also tend to be more supportive of redistributive policies and progressive taxation, and that they tend to favor the political left, suggesting a feedback effect of inequality perceptions into the political-economic sphere. Taken together, these findings suggest that high levels of perceived wage inequality have the potential to undermine the legitimacy of market outcomes.

"Mit der rechtsverbindlichen Gültigkeit der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention ist Inklusion eine Leitkategorie der Sozialpolitik in Deutschland geworden, die von vielen verschiedenen Akteuren sehr unterschiedlich aufgegriffen, diskutiert und umgesetzt wird. In einem inklusiven Gemeinwesen müssen drei Zieldimensionen verwirklicht werden: Barrierefreiheit, ein inklusives Unterstützungssystem, die Sensibilisierung für Diskriminierungsrisiken und Solidarität. Kommunale fachliche Planung leistet relevante Beiträge zur Erreichung dieser Ziele. Das gilt auch für kommunale Aktionspläne zur Umsetzung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention. In allen Planungen spielt Beteiligung der Zivilgesellschaft eine Rolle, in Umfang und Reichweite jedoch sehr unterschiedlich. Aus der Sichtung der Planungen wird deutlich, dass das Optimierungstheorem einer 'integrierten Planung' an der Leistungsfähigkeit fachlicher Planungen scheitert. Auch die Aktionspläne zeichnen sich durch fachliche Maßnahmen aus. Ihre (politische) Besonderheit liegt darin, dass das Gemeinwesen nach normativen Prinzipien mit einem Gesamtplan gestaltet werden soll." (Autorenreferat)

This paper describes individuals' inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences in a panel of OECD countries, primarily focusing on the association between these subjective measures and the effective level of inequality and redistribution. Not surprisingly, the effective level of redistribution (after tax-and-transfer inequality) is positively (negatively) correlated with redistributive preferences. There is also evidence showing that the subjective and objective dimension of inequality and redistribution are, at least partially, linked with individuals' political preferences and their voting behavior. The association between objective and subjective measures of inequality and redistribution vanishes, however, once more fundamental country characteristics are taken into account. This suggests that these characteristics explain both redistributive preferences as well as the effective level of redistribution and after tax-and-transfer inequality.

This paper describes individuals' inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences in a panel of OECD countries, primarily focusing on the association between these subjective measures and the effective level of inequality and redistribution. Not surprisingly, the effective level of redistribution (after tax-and-transfer inequality) is positively (negatively) correlated with redistributive preferences. There is also evidence showing that the subjective and objective dimension of inequality and redistribution are, at least partially, linked with individuals' political preferences and their voting behavior. The association between objective and subjective measures of inequality and redistribution vanishes, however, once more fundamental country characteristics are taken into account. This suggests that these characteristics explain both redistributive preferences as well as the effective level of redistribution and after tax-and-transfer inequality.

This paper describes individuals' inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences in a panel of OECD countries, primarily focusing on the association between these subjective measures and the effective level of inequality and redistribution. Not surprisingly, the effective level of redistribution (after tax-and-transfer inequality) is positively (negatively) correlated with redistributive preferences. There is also evidence showing that the subjective and objective dimension of inequality and redistribution are, at least partially, linked with individuals' political preferences and their voting behavior. The association between objective and subjective measures of inequality and redistribution vanishes, however, once more fundamental country characteristics are taken into account. This suggests that these characteristics explain both redistributive preferences as well as the effective level of redistribution and after tax-and-transfer inequality.

This paper studies differences in inequality perceptions, distributional norms, and redistributive preferences between East and West Germany. As expected, there are substantial differences with respect to all three of these measures. Surprisingly, however, differences in distributional norms are much smaller than differences with respect to inequality perceptions or redistributive preferences. Nonetheless, individuals from East Germany tend to be more supportive of state redistribution and progressive taxation, and less likely to have a conservative political orientation, even conditional on having the same inequality perceptions and distributional norms.